pyo3-bindings

Use #[pyclass] and #[pymethods] for Python-visible types. Use #[new] for constructors.
Map Rust Result<T, E> to Python exceptions via PyErr. Use PyResult<T> as return type.
Use pyo3::types for conversions. Prefer &str over String in parameters, return String.
Prefer Bound<'py, T> over Py<T> for ergonomic, lifetime-checked references (PyO3 0.22+).
Release the GIL with py.allow_threads() for CPU-intensive Rust code. Never hold GIL during I/O.
Use #[getter] and #[setter] for properties. Implement __repr__ and __str__ for debugging.
Build with maturin develop for local testing, maturin build --release for distribution.
Test bindings from Python using pytest. Test both success and error paths.
Keep Python wrappers thin — business logic lives in Rust, Python provides ergonomic API.
Anti-patterns: .unwrap() in pyclass methods, blocking GIL for long operations, leaking Python objects.

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