Skrift CMS Development Guide

Skrift is a lightweight async Python CMS built on Litestar, featuring WordPress-style template resolution, a hook/filter extensibility system, and SQLAlchemy async database access.

Current Project State

Configuration: !cat app.yaml 2>/dev/null || echo "No app.yaml found"

Controllers: !ls skrift/controllers/*.py 2>/dev/null | head -10

Models: !ls skrift/db/models/*.py 2>/dev/null | head -10

Services: !ls skrift/db/services/*.py 2>/dev/null | head -10

Templates: !ls templates/*.html 2>/dev/null | head -10 || echo "No custom templates"

Quick Reference

Core Architecture

Framework: Litestar (async Python web framework)
Database: SQLAlchemy async with Advanced Alchemy
Templates: Jinja2 with WordPress-style template hierarchy + optional themes (see /skrift-theming)
Config: YAML (app.yaml) + environment variables (.env)
Auth: OAuth providers + role-based permissions (see /skrift-auth)
Forms: Pydantic-backed with CSRF (see /skrift-forms)
Hooks: WordPress-style extensibility (see /skrift-hooks)
Notifications: Real-time SSE with pluggable backends (see /skrift-notifications)
Observability: Optional Logfire tracing and structured logging (see /skrift-observability)
OAuth2 Server: Hub/spoke identity federation (see /skrift-oauth2)

AppDispatcher Pattern

                    ┌─────────────────────────────┐
                    │      AppDispatcher          │
                    │  (skrift/asgi.py)           │
                    └─────────────┬───────────────┘
                                  │
              ┌───────────────────┼───────────────────┐
              │                   │                   │
              ▼                   ▼                   ▼
     ┌────────────────┐   ┌────────────┐   ┌────────────────┐
     │   Setup App    │   │  /static   │   │   Main App     │
     │  (/setup/*)    │   │   Files    │   │  (everything)  │
     └────────────────┘   └────────────┘   └────────────────┘

setup_locked=False: /setup/* routes active, checks DB for setup completion
setup_locked=True: All traffic goes to main app, /setup/* returns 404
Main app is lazily created after setup completes (no restart needed)
Entry point: skrift.asgi:app (created by create_dispatcher())

Key Files

File	Purpose
`skrift/asgi.py`	AppDispatcher, app creation, middleware loading
`skrift/config.py`	Settings management, YAML config loading
`skrift/cli.py`	CLI commands (serve, secret, db)
`skrift/middleware/`	Security headers middleware
`skrift/lib/hooks.py`	WordPress-like hook/filter system
`skrift/lib/template.py`	Template resolution with fallbacks and theme support
`skrift/lib/theme.py`	Theme discovery, metadata parsing
`skrift/db/base.py`	SQLAlchemy Base class (UUIDAuditBase)
`skrift/forms/`	Form system (CSRF, validation, rendering)
`skrift/auth/`	Guards, roles, permissions
`skrift/lib/notifications.py`	Real-time notification service (SSE)
`skrift/lib/notification_backends.py`	Pluggable backends (InMemory, Redis, PgNotify)
`skrift/lib/observability.py`	Logfire observability facade (tracing, logging)
`skrift/db/models/notification.py`	StoredNotification model for DB-backed backends

Configuration System

.env (loaded early) → app.yaml (with $VAR interpolation) → Settings (Pydantic)

Environment-specific: app.yaml (production), app.dev.yaml (development), app.test.yaml (testing). Set via SKRIFT_ENV.

db:
  url: $DATABASE_URL
  pool_size: 5
  echo: false
  schema: myschema  # optional; PostgreSQL only — prefixes all tables

auth:
  redirect_base_url: "https://example.com"
  providers:
    google:
      client_id: $GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID
      client_secret: $GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET
      scopes: ["openid", "email", "profile"]

session:
  cookie_domain: null

theme: my-theme  # default theme (overridden by admin UI)

controllers:
  - skrift.controllers.auth:AuthController
  - skrift.controllers.web:WebController

redis:
  url: $REDIS_URL
  prefix: "myapp"

notifications:
  backend: ""  # empty = InMemoryBackend; or "module:ClassName"

logfire:
  enabled: true
  service_name: my-site
  console: true  # prints spans to console

security_headers:
  content_security_policy: "default-src 'self'"

middleware:
  - myapp.middleware:create_logging_middleware

CLI Commands

skrift serve --reload --port 8080
skrift serve --subdomain blog --port 8081  # serve single subdomain site
skrift secret --write .env
skrift db upgrade head
skrift db downgrade -1
skrift db revision -m "desc" --autogenerate

Database Layer

All models inherit from skrift.db.base.Base (provides id UUID, created_at, updated_at):

from sqlalchemy import String, Text
from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column
from skrift.db.base import Base

class MyModel(Base):
    __tablename__ = "my_models"
    name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
    description: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(Text, nullable=True)

Core Models

Model	Table	Purpose
`User`	`users`	User accounts
`OAuthAccount`	`oauth_accounts`	Linked OAuth providers (`access_token`, `refresh_token`)
`Role`	`roles`	Permission roles
`Page`	`pages`	Content pages
`PageRevision`	`page_revisions`	Content history
`Setting`	`settings`	Key-value site settings
`StoredNotification`	`stored_notifications`	Persistent notifications with `mode` column (Redis/PgNotify backends)

Sessions injected via db_session: AsyncSession parameter in handlers.

Content Negotiation

Page views support Accept: text/markdown — returns raw page.content instead of rendered HTML. Works for all page types (WebController and page type factory routes).

Creating a Controller

from litestar import Controller, get, post
from litestar.response import Template as TemplateResponse
from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession

class MyController(Controller):
    path = "/my-path"

    @get("/")
    async def list_items(self, db_session: AsyncSession) -> TemplateResponse:
        items = await item_service.list_items(db_session)
        return TemplateResponse("items/list.html", context={"items": items})

controllers:
  - myapp.controllers:MyController

Creating a Service

from sqlalchemy import select
from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession

async def get_by_id(db_session: AsyncSession, item_id: UUID) -> MyModel | None:
    result = await db_session.execute(select(MyModel).where(MyModel.id == item_id))
    return result.scalar_one_or_none()

async def create_item(db_session: AsyncSession, name: str) -> MyModel:
    item = MyModel(name=name)
    db_session.add(item)
    await db_session.commit()
    await db_session.refresh(item)
    return item

Template Resolution

WordPress-style hierarchy with fallbacks and optional theme support:

from skrift.template import Template

# Tries: page-about.html -> page.html
template = Template("page", "about")

# Tries: post-news-2024.html -> post-news.html -> post.html
template = Template("post", "news", "2024")

# Without theme
return template.render(TEMPLATE_DIR, page=page)

# With theme (searches theme dirs first)
return template.render(TEMPLATE_DIR, theme_name="my-theme", page=page)

Search order (with active theme):

themes/<active>/templates/ (active theme)
./templates/ (project root — user overrides)
skrift/templates/ (package — defaults)

Template globals: now(), site_name(), site_tagline(), site_copyright_holder(), site_copyright_start_year(), active_theme(), themes_available(). Filter: markdown.

For full theming details, see /skrift-theming.

Middleware

from litestar.middleware import AbstractMiddleware

class LoggingMiddleware(AbstractMiddleware):
    async def __call__(self, scope, receive, send):
        if scope["type"] == "http":
            print(f"Request: {scope['method']} {scope['path']}")
        await self.app(scope, receive, send)

def create_logging_middleware(app):
    return LoggingMiddleware(app=app)

middleware:
  - myapp.middleware:create_logging_middleware
  - factory: myapp.middleware:create_rate_limit
    kwargs:
      requests_per_minute: 100

Security

skrift/middleware/security.py — ASGI middleware injecting CSP, HSTS, X-Frame-Options, etc. Configured via SecurityHeadersConfig. Pre-encoded at creation time. HSTS excluded in debug mode.

Static files: /static/ with same priority as templates (project root, then package).

Error Handling

Custom exception handlers in skrift/lib/exceptions.py. Templates: error.html, error-404.html, error-500.html.

Testing

from litestar.testing import TestClient

async def test_list_items(client, db_session):
    item = await item_service.create(db_session, name="Test")
    response = client.get("/items")
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert "Test" in response.text

Related Skills

For deep-dive guidance on specific subsystems:

/skrift-hooks — Hook/filter extensibility, custom hook points, built-in hooks
/skrift-forms — Form system, CSRF, field customization, template rendering
/skrift-auth — OAuth flow, guard system, roles, permissions
/skrift-theming — Theme discovery, template/static resolution, per-request switching, RESOLVE_THEME hook
/skrift-notifications — SSE protocol, pluggable backends, group keys, dismiss patterns
/skrift-observability — Logfire integration, structured tracing, instrumentation
/skrift-oauth2 — OAuth2 Authorization Server, hub/spoke identity federation, Skrift provider

skrift

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