Multi-Agent Trust Boundaries (LLM08:2025)

What this checks

Detects agent-to-agent calls that lack authentication, authorization, or permission scoping. When agents blindly trust messages from other agents, a compromised or malicious agent can hijack the entire pipeline.

Vulnerable patterns

• Inter-agent call dispatched with no authentication header or signed token
• Worker or subagent initialized with the orchestrator's full credentials and complete tool scope
• Output from one agent passed as input to the next without schema validation
• Receiver that trusts a sender identity claim with no cryptographic verification

Fix immediately

Flag the vulnerable call site and explain the risk. Then suggest a fix that establishes these properties:

1. Authentication on every agent-to-agent call. A shared secret, signed token, or mTLS credential is attached by the caller and verified by the receiver before any task runs. A sender-name field is not authentication.
2. Least privilege per agent. Each agent is initialized with the smallest set of tools, credentials, and scopes it needs to complete its task — never the orchestrator's full set. A compromised worker should not have the keys to compromise the rest of the pipeline.
3. Schema validation on every received message. Treat messages from other agents as untrusted input: validate against a schema, reject unexpected fields, and refuse to execute free-form instructions embedded in the payload.
4. No blind execution of peer-supplied instructions. Agent output that names a tool or action is routed through the same policy gate as a user request, not auto-dispatched.

Translate each principle to the transport, auth library, and validator of the audited code. Use the framework's documented auth-middleware and schema-validation APIs — do not roll your own.

Verification

• For every outbound agent-to-agent call present, an auth header or signed token is attached
• For every agent-to-agent receiver handler present, the auth token is verified before processing
• Each agent is initialized with the minimum permissions needed for its task
• For every response received from another agent, the payload is validated against a schema before use
• No agent blindly executes instructions received from another agent

References

• CWE-306 (Missing Authentication for Critical Function)
• CWE-272 (Least Privilege Violation)
• OWASP LLM08:2025 Excessive Agency
• OWASP Agentic AI Top 10:2025